University of California, San Diego, USA
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On distinguishing epistemic from pragmatic action
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On distinguishing epistemic from pragmatic action
Available online 12 August 2002.
Abstract
We present data and argument to show that in Tetris—a real-time, interactive video game-certain cognitive and perceptual problems are more quicklv, easily, and reliably solved by performing actions in the world than by performing computational actions in the head alone. We have found that some of the translations and rotations made by players of this video game are best understood as actions that use the world to improve cognition. These actions are not used to implement a plan, or to implement a reaction; they are used to change the world in order to simplify the problem-solving task. Thus, we distinguish pragmatic actions—actions performed to bring one physically closer to a goal—from epistemic actions —actions performed to uncover informatioan that is hidden or hard to compute mentally.
To illustrate the need for epistemic actions, we first develop a standard information-processing model of Tetris cognition and show that it cannot explain performance data from human players of the game-even when we relax the assumption of fully sequential processing. Standard models disregard many actions taken by players because they appear unmotivated or superfluous. However, we show that such actions are actually far from superfluous; they play a valuable role in improving human performance. We argue that traditional accounts are limited because they regard action as having a single function: to change the world. By recognizing a second function of action—an epistemic function—we can explain many of the actions that a traditional model cannot. Although our argument is supported by numerous examples specifically from Tetris, we outline how the new category of epistemic action can be incorporated into theories of action more generally.
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<div class="articleTitle"><p>On distinguishing epistemic from pragmatic action </p></div><!-- articleText --> <div id="authorsAnchors" class="authorsNoEnt"><div style="display: none;" class="refMsg nojs">This article is not included in your organization's subscription. However, you may be able to <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W48-46H14R9-7&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1994&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=6536&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=10f059da9f7f4e5e09711f02b9bca271">access this article</a> under your organization's agreement with Elsevier.</div><!-- refMsg --><strong> <p>David Kirsh<a name="m4.bcor*"></a><a href="#m4.cor*" onclick="toggleTabs('unsubTab')"><sup><img src="http://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/entities/REcor.gif" alt="Corresponding Author Contact Information" title="Corresponding Author Contact Information" border="0"></sup></a><sup>, </sup><a name="bfnfn1"></a><a href="#fn1" onclick="toggleTabs('unsubTab')"><sup>*</sup></a> and Paul Maglio<a href="#fn1" onclick="toggleTabs('unsubTab')"><sup>*</sup></a></p> </strong></div><!-- authorsNoEnt --> <div style="display: inline;" class="articleText"><div id="authorsAnchors" class="authorsNoEnt"> <p>University of California, San Diego, USA</p> </div> <!-- authorsNoEnt --></div> <!-- articleText --> <div style="display: inline;" class="articleText"><br> Available online 12 August 2002. </div><!-- articleText --> <br><div style="display: inline;" class="articleText"></div><!-- articleText --><div style="display: inline;" class="articleText"> <h3 class="h3">Abstract</h3><p>We present data and argument to show that in Tetris—a real-time, interactive video game-certain cognitive and perceptual problems are more quicklv, easily, and reliably solved by performing actions in the world than by performing computational actions in the head alone. We have found that some of the translations and rotations made by players of this video game are best understood as actions that use the world to improve cognition. These actions are not used to implement a plan, or to implement a reaction; they are used to change the world in order to simplify the problem-solving task. Thus, we distinguish pragmatic actions—actions performed to bring one physically closer to a goal—from epistemic actions —actions performed to uncover informatioan that is hidden or hard to compute mentally.</p><p>To illustrate the need for epistemic actions, we first develop a standard information-processing model of Tetris cognition and show that it cannot explain performance data from human players of the game-even when we relax the assumption of fully sequential processing. Standard models disregard many actions taken by players because they appear unmotivated or superfluous. However, we show that such actions are actually far from superfluous; they play a valuable role in improving human performance. We argue that traditional accounts are limited because they regard action as having a single function: to change the world. By recognizing a second function of action—an epistemic function—we can explain many of the actions that a traditional model cannot. Although our argument is supported by numerous examples specifically from Tetris, we outline how the new category of epistemic action can be incorporated into theories of action more generally.</p></div> |
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